Withdrawal (coitus interruptus / reservatus)

Withdrawal remains the most commonly used method of birth control worldwide. Despite its poor reputation in North America, it is relatively effective.

Mechanism of action

The man interrupts coitus before ejaculation. This requires that the man learn the skills of anticipating his ejaculation and be strict in withdrawing his penis before any ejaculate is released. Use of this method also requires that the woman can trust that the man will do his part, and that she cooperates with him in this.

Rules

The man must remove his penis from the vagina before ejaculation. He must urinate to clear his urethra of any straggling sperm and wash his penis before having intercourse again.

Best users

• Couples who have difficulty abstaining on fertile days
• Women for whom pregnancy avoidance is not a top priority
• Couples who can openly dialogue about how best to use the method

Specific Advantages

• No cost involved
• No preparation is necessary
• Abstinence is not necessary on fertile days

Challenges

• Preseminal fluid emitted during sexual arousal may contain sperm
• Uncontrolled ejaculation happens
• Is not an acceptable for some men on a long term basis
• Not an acceptable method by certain religious groups